Europe · Western Europe
Germany
Federal Republic of Germany · World’s #3 economy
- Nominal GDP 2025
- $5.05 trillion
- Population 2025
- 83.5 million
- GDP per capita
- $60,496
- GDP growth 2025
- 0.2%
Overview
- Official name
- Federal Republic of Germany
- Capital
- Berlin
- Region
- Europe · Western Europe
- Area
- 357,114 km²
- Coordinates
- 51.00, 9.00
- Languages
- German
- Currency
- Euro (EUR €)
- Calling code · domain
- +49 · .de
- ISO codes
- DE / DEU
- Borders
Austria
Belgium
Czechia
Denmark
France
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Switzerland
Map
Demographics
Age structure (2025)
Macroeconomy
Germany ranks #3 in the world by nominal GDP (2025). Full ranking →
Business environment & logistics (micro)
The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and import clearance time are published by the World Bank per survey round; total tax rate comes from the discontinued Doing Business data (2020).
Provinces, states & regions (16)
Land: 16
- Baden-Württemberg DE-BW
- Bayern DE-BY
- Berlin DE-BE
- Brandenburg DE-BB
- Bremen DE-HB
- Hamburg DE-HH
- Hessen DE-HE
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern DE-MV
- Niedersachsen DE-NI
- Nordrhein-Westfalen DE-NW
- Rheinland-Pfalz DE-RP
- Saarland DE-SL
- Sachsen DE-SN
- Sachsen-Anhalt DE-ST
- Schleswig-Holstein DE-SH
- Thüringen DE-TH
Source: ISO 3166-2 (Debian iso-codes)
Seaports & logistics
| Port | Harbour size | Harbour type | Cargo pier depth | TEU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamburg DEHAM | Large | canal or lake | 9.4 m | 7.80 m TEU |
| Bremerhaven DEBRV | Large | river (tide gates) | 11.0 m | 4.45 m TEU |
| Kiel DEKEL | Large | river (basins) | 11.0 m | — |
| Bremen DEBRE | Large | river (tide gates) | 7.9 m | — |
| Rostock DERSK | Large | river (natural) | 7.9 m | — |
| Cuxhaven DECUX | Medium | river (basins) | 14.0 m | — |
| Brake DEBKE | Medium | river (tide gates) | 11.0 m | — |
| Emden DEEME | Medium | river (tide gates) | 7.9 m | — |
| Lubeck DELBC | Medium | canal or lake | 7.9 m | — |
| Wilhelmshaven DEWVN | Small | coastal (tide gates) | 20.1 m | — |
| Butzfleth DEBUZ | Small | open roadstead | 14.0 m | — |
| Nordenham DENHA | Small | river (natural) | 12.5 m | — |
36 ports of this country in the World Port Index, ranked by scale (container throughput, harbour size, depth).
FTAs & trade blocs
Vietnam and Germany share 1 FTA(s) – goods meeting the rules of origin enjoy preferential duties:
Bloc membership
Membership compiled as of October 2026 (full members); check each bloc’s official site for legal precision.
Trade agreements in force (59)
Germany is party to 59 regional/bilateral trade agreements in force (per the WTO). Agreements with a “Preferential rates” button are FTAs that Vietnam is also party to.
| Agreement | Type / coverage | In force | Partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU - Chile | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2025 |       +17 |
| EU - Kenya | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 2024 |  +17 |
| EU - New Zealand | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 May 2024 |  +17 |
| EU - United Kingdom | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2021 |  +17 |
| EU - Viet Nam Preferential rates | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Aug 2020 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States - Accession of Solomon Islands | FTA Goods |
17 May 2020 |    +19 |
| EU - Singapore | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
21 Nov 2019 |  +17 |
| EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States - Accession of Comoros | FTA Goods |
7 Feb 2019 |      +21 |
| EU - Japan | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2019 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States - Accession of Samoa | FTA Goods |
31 Dec 2018 |  +19 |
| EU - Armenia | EIA Services |
1 Jun 2018 |  +17 |
| EU - Canada | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
21 Sep 2017 |  +17 |
| EU - Colombia and Peru - Accession of Ecuador | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2017 |    +19 |
| EU - Ghana | FTA Goods |
15 Dec 2016 |  +17 |
| EU - SADC | FTA Goods |
10 Oct 2016 |       +22 |
| EU - Côte d'Ivoire | FTA Goods |
3 Sep 2016 |  +17 |
| EU - Georgia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Sep 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Moldova, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Sep 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Cameroon | FTA Goods |
4 Aug 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Ukraine | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
23 Apr 2014 |  +17 |
| EU - Central America | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Aug 2013 |       +22 |
| EU (28) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2013 | +16 |
| EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Mar 2013 | +19 |
| EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States | FTA Goods |
14 May 2012 | +21 |
| EU - Korea, Republic of | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2011 |  +17 |
| EU - Serbia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Feb 2010 |  +17 |
| EU - Pacific States | FTA Goods |
20 Dec 2009 | +20 |
| EU - CARIFORUM States In force for some parties | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
29 Dec 2008 |           +31 |
| EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2008 |  +17 |
| EU - Montenegro | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2008 |  +17 |
| EC (27) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 2007 |  +15 |
| EU - Albania | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Dec 2006 |  +17 |
| EU - Algeria | FTA Goods |
1 Sep 2005 |  +17 |
| EU - Egypt | FTA Goods |
1 Jun 2004 |  +17 |
| EC (25) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 May 2004 |  +13 |
| EU - Lebanon | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 2003 |  +17 |
| EU - Jordan | FTA Goods |
1 May 2002 |  +17 |
| EU - San Marino | CU Goods |
1 Apr 2002 |  +17 |
| EU - North Macedonia | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jun 2001 |  +17 |
| EU - Mexico | FTA & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jul 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - Israel | FTA Goods |
1 Jun 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - Morocco | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 2000 |  +17 |
| EU - South Africa | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 2000 | +17 |
| EU - Tunisia | FTA Goods |
1 Mar 1998 |  +17 |
| EU - Palestine | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1997 |  +17 |
| EU - Faroe Islands | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1997 |  +17 |
| EU - Türkiye | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1996 |  +17 |
| EC (15) Enlargement | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 1995 |   +3 |
| European Economic Area (EEA) | EIA Services |
1 Jan 1994 |    +19 |
| EU - Andorra | CU Goods |
1 Jul 1991 |  +17 |
| EC (12) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1986 |   |
| EC (10) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1981 | |
| EU - Syrian Arab Republic | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1977 |  +17 |
| EU - Norway | FTA Goods |
1 Jul 1973 | +17 |
| EU - Iceland | FTA Goods |
1 Apr 1973 | +17 |
| EC (9) Enlargement | CU Goods |
1 Jan 1973 | |
| EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1973 | +18 |
| EU – Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) | FTA Goods |
1 Jan 1971 |      GS TF  +37 |
| EU Treaty | CU & EIA Goods & Services |
1 Jan 1958 | +16 |
Source: WTO Regional Trade Agreements Database (retrieved 14 Oct 2026) plus additional agreements maintained by the administrator. Lists agreements notified to the WTO and in force.
Import regulations
- Customs union: common tariff (TARIC); Vietnamese goods get EVFTA preferences with valid proof of origin (REX / EUR.1).
- CBAM: definitive period from 1 Jan 2026 for iron and steel (chapter 72, headings 7301–7311, 7318, 7326), aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen – importers must be authorised CBAM declarants and report embedded emissions; Vietnamese producers should supply actual emission data.
- Structural steel components need CE marking to EN 1090-1 (execution to EN 1090-2) and ISO 3834 certification.
- Steel imports are subject to tariff-rate quotas (the steel safeguard expired on 30 Jun 2026; the EU proposed a successor regime with higher out-of-quota duties) – check the current status on Access2Markets.
Hải quan EU (Liên minh thuế quan) / EU customs union ↗ Tariff lookup ↗
Look up the importing country's duties, technical rules and procedures on the Global Trade Helpdesk (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO), Market Access Map (ITC) and WTO Tariff & Trade Data. Check Vietnam's FTAs with the importing country for preferential rates with valid proof of origin.
Global Trade Helpdesk ↗Market Access Map ↗WTO Tariff & Trade Data ↗
Sourcing from Vietnam
Buyers in Germany can find Vietnamese suppliers by industry, in the factory directory and at international exhibitions in Vietnam:
Structural Steel
Steel & Metal
Construction Materials
Machinery
Electrical Equipment
Electronics
HVAC
Automotive
Steel & steel structure manufacturing →International exhibitions in VietnamContact Vietnam duties on goods from Germany
Data: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0); mledoze/world-countries (ODbL); i18n-iso-countries (MIT); ISO 3166-2 – Debian iso-codes (LGPL); NGA World Port Index 2019; map @svg-maps/world (CC BY 4.0); flags flag-icons (MIT). For reference only.