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Global Markets · Regions

Trade blocs & regional agreements

Major customs unions, free-trade areas and regional agreements: members, economic size, Vietnam’s FTAs, opportunities for Vietnamese goods and the main seaports of each region.

Blocs & agreements
16
Member countries
119
Trade agreements in force (WTO)
416
Vietnam FTAs
19
United Arab Emirates · $552 billion Afghanistan · $17.8 billion Antigua and Barbuda · $2.34 billion Armenia · $29.2 billion Argentina · $683 billion Austria · $579 billion Australia · $1.80 trillion Barbados · $8.02 billion Bangladesh · $456 billion Belgium · $725 billion Bulgaria · $131 billion Bahrain · $49.0 billion Burundi · $3.36 billion Benin · $24.6 billion Brunei · $15.0 billion Bolivia · $64.8 billion Brazil · $2.28 trillion Bahamas · $15.8 billion Bhutan · $3.58 billion Botswana · $19.9 billion Belarus · $93.4 billion Belize · $3.33 billion Canada · $2.32 trillion DR Congo · $91.0 billion Switzerland · $1.04 trillion Ivory Coast · $99.8 billion Chile · $357 billion China · $19.5 trillion Colombia · $457 billion Cape Verde · $3.06 billion Cyprus · $41.2 billion Czechia · $391 billion Germany · $5.05 trillion Denmark · $463 billion Dominica · $724 million Ecuador · $130 billion Estonia · $47.0 billion Spain · $1.91 trillion Finland · $317 billion France · $3.37 trillion United Kingdom · $4.00 trillion Grenada · $1.42 billion Ghana · $114 billion Gambia · $2.59 billion Guinea · $28.3 billion Greece · $281 billion Guinea-Bissau · $2.53 billion Guyana · $27.1 billion Croatia · $105 billion Haiti · $32.1 billion Hungary · $246 billion Indonesia · $1.45 trillion Ireland · $722 billion India · $3.96 trillion Iceland · $38.6 billion Italy · $2.55 trillion Jamaica · $22.7 billion Japan · $4.44 trillion Kenya · $136 billion Kyrgyzstan · $22.6 billion Cambodia · $51.3 billion Saint Kitts and Nevis · $1.18 billion South Korea · $1.87 trillion Kuwait · $157 billion Kazakhstan · $306 billion Laos · $18.3 billion Saint Lucia · $2.66 billion Liechtenstein · $8.91 billion Sri Lanka · $109 billion Liberia · $5.25 billion Lesotho · $2.57 billion Lithuania · $95.2 billion Luxembourg · $101 billion Latvia · $48.6 billion Myanmar · $81.7 billion Malta · $27.8 billion Mexico · $1.83 trillion Malaysia · $472 billion Namibia · $15.1 billion Nigeria · $291 billion Netherlands · $1.33 trillion Norway · $531 billion Nepal · $45.5 billion New Zealand · $264 billion Oman · $110 billion Peru · $335 billion Philippines · $487 billion Pakistan · $407 billion Poland · $1.04 trillion Portugal · $347 billion Paraguay · $49.3 billion Qatar · $216 billion Romania · $429 billion Russia · $2.56 trillion Rwanda · $16.4 billion Saudi Arabia · $1.28 trillion Sweden · $669 billion Singapore · $604 billion Slovenia · $79.6 billion Slovakia · $155 billion Sierra Leone · $7.46 billion Senegal · $37.0 billion Somalia · $13.0 billion Suriname · $4.52 billion South Sudan · $12.0 billion Eswatini · $5.16 billion Togo · $11.9 billion Thailand · $577 billion Timor-Leste · $1.90 billion Trinidad and Tobago · $25.9 billion Tanzania · $90.1 billion Uganda · $62.0 billion United States · $30.8 trillion Uruguay · $85.3 billion Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · $1.26 billion Vietnam · $515 billion South Africa · $427 billion

Free-trade area · 1967

ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations

BruneiCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnamTimor-Leste

Members
11
Combined GDP
$4.27 trillion
Population
700 million
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Customs union · 1993

European Union (EU)

AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatvia +11

Members
27
Combined GDP
$21.2 trillion
Population
451 million
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Free-trade area · 1960

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

IcelandLiechtensteinNorwaySwitzerland

Members
4
Combined GDP
$1.62 trillion
Population
15.1 million
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Free-trade agreement · 2022

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

BruneiCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnamAustraliaChinaJapanSouth KoreaNew Zealand

Members
15
Combined GDP
$32.1 trillion
Population
2.31 billion
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Free-trade agreement · 2018

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)

AustraliaBruneiCanadaChileJapanMalaysiaMexicoNew ZealandPeruSingaporeVietnamUnited Kingdom

Members
12
Combined GDP
$17.0 trillion
Population
598 million
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Free-trade agreement · 2020

United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA / CUSMA / T-MEC)

United StatesCanadaMexico

Members
3
Combined GDP
$34.9 trillion
Population
515 million
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Customs union · 1991

Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)

ArgentinaBrazilParaguayUruguayBolivia

Members
5
Combined GDP
$3.16 trillion
Population
282 million
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Free-trade area · 2011

Pacific Alliance

ChileColombiaMexicoPeru

Members
4
Combined GDP
$2.98 trillion
Population
240 million
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Customs union · 1969

Andean Community (CAN)

BoliviaColombiaEcuadorPeru

Members
4
Combined GDP
$987 billion
Population
119 million
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Customs union · 1981

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

United Arab EmiratesBahrainSaudi ArabiaOmanQatarKuwait

Members
6
Combined GDP
$2.36 trillion
Population
63.4 million
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Economic union · 2015

Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

RussiaBelarusKazakhstanKyrgyzstanArmenia

Members
5
Combined GDP
$3.01 trillion
Population
184 million
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Customs union · 1910

Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

South AfricaBotswanaLesothoNamibiaEswatini

Members
5
Combined GDP
$470 billion
Population
74.0 million
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Customs union · 2000

East African Community (EAC)

BurundiDR CongoKenyaRwandaSomaliaSouth SudanTanzaniaUganda

Members
8
Combined GDP
$424 billion
Population
353 million
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Customs union · 1975

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

BeninCape VerdeIvory CoastGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneTogo

Members
12
Combined GDP
$627 billion
Population
383 million
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Customs union · 1973

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

Antigua and BarbudaBahamasBarbadosBelizeDominicaGrenadaGuyanaHaitiJamaicaMontserratSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSurinameTrinidad and Tobago

Members
15
Combined GDP
$149 billion
Population
19.3 million
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Free-trade area · 2006

South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)

AfghanistanBangladeshBhutanIndiaMaldivesNepalPakistanSri Lanka

Members
8
Combined GDP
$5.00 trillion
Population
1.99 billion
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World’s largest container ports

Container throughput (TEU) – each port has its own page.

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  1. #1Shanghai51.51 m TEU
  2. #2Singapore41.12 m TEU
  3. #3Ningbo-Zhoushan39.31 m TEU
  4. #4Shenzhen (Yantian)33.38 m TEU
  5. #5Qingdao30.87 m TEU
  6. #6Guangzhou26.07 m TEU
  7. #7Busan24.40 m TEU
  8. #8Tianjin23.29 m TEU
  9. #9Jebel Ali (Dubai)15.54 m TEU
  10. #10Port Klang14.65 m TEU

Vietnam’s free trade agreements

Special preferential tariff schedules per agreement.

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Sources: membership per each bloc’s official website (10/2026); GDP and population: World Bank WDI (latest year available per country); agreements: WTO RTA database.